Investors dislike volatility, but what they really despise are drawdowns. Drawdowns are a measure of pain - it's money they feel they had at one point, but is now gone. As an advisor once remarked to me, "My clients may not understand standard deviation or tracking error, but they certainly understand when they're losing money!" [...]
Optimal Asset Management is a California-based investment platform that offers solutions such as direct indexing and portfolio analytics for institutions and wealth managers.