Reopening Decisions and Risk AssessmentsWhile many essential businesses (e.g., hospitals, pharmacies,
grocery stores and gas stations) have remained open during the COVID-19
pandemic, other operations deemed nonessential have shut down temporarily or
changed the nature of their operations. Not only has this led to significant
business disruptions, but, for many, it has critically impacted their bottom
line.However, we may be nearing a time when stay-at-home
regulations are scaled back and all businesses are allowed to resume as normal.
The question then is: How will business owners know it is acceptable to reopen?
The following are some best practices to keep in mind:
Review
guidance from state and local governments—The COVID-19 pandemic impacts
states and regions in different ways. Just because a business is allowed to
reopen in one region of the country doesn’t automatically mean your operations
will be allowed to resume as well. As such, it’s critical to understand and
review all relevant state and local orders to determine if and when your
business is allowed to reopen. Understand
the risks—If and when the government allows all businesses to reopen, that
doesn’t necessarily mean COVID-19 is no longer a threat to your operations.
What’s more, some businesses may have greater COVID-19 exposures than others,
underscoring the importance of performing a thorough risk assessment before
reopening. Prior to conducting a risk assessment, it’s important to review guidance from OSHA,
state and local agencies, industry associations as well as your local health
department. More information on conducting a risk assessment can be found
below.Again, before reopening, it’s critical to seek the expertise
of legal, insurance and other professionals.
Conducting a Risk AssessmentEven after the government allows businesses to reopen, firms
still need to determine whether it makes sense to resume operations. Safely
restarting your business won’t be as simple as unlocking the front door. Before reopening, businesses should perform a risk
assessment to determine what steps must be taken. While the complexity of risk
assessments will differ from business to business, they typically involve the
following steps:
Identifying
the hazards—When it comes to COVID-19, businesses need to think critically
about their exposures, particularly if an infected person entered their
facilities. When identifying hazards, it’s a good idea to perform a walkthrough
of the premises and consider high-risk areas (e.g., breakrooms and other areas
where people may congregate). It’s also important to consider what tasks
employees are performing and whether or not they are especially exposed to
COVID-19 risks when performing their duties.Deciding
who may be harmed and how—Once you’ve identified hazards to your business,
you need to determine what populations of your workforce are exposed to
COVID-19 risks. When performing this evaluation, you will need to make note of
high-risk individuals (e.g., staff members who meet with customers or
individuals with preexisting medical conditions).Assessing
risks—Once you have identified the risks facing your business, you must
analyze them to determine their potential consequences. For each risk facing
your business, you’ll want to determine:
How likely is this
particular risk to occur?
What are the
ramifications should this risk occur? When analyzing your risks, consider
potential financial losses, compliance requirements, employee safety, business
disruptions, reputational harm and other consequences.
Controlling
risks—With a sense of what the threats to your business are, you can then
consider ways to address them. There are a variety of methods businesses can use
to manage their risks, including:oRisk avoidance—Risk avoidance is when a business
eliminates certain hazards, activities and exposures from their operations
altogether.oRisk control—Risk control involves preventive
action.oRisk transfer—Risk transfer is when a business
transfers their exposures to a third party.For COVID-19, control measures
could include cleaning protocols, work from home orders and mandated personal
protective equipment (PPE) usage.
Monitoring
the results—Risk management is an evolving, continuous process. Once you’ve
implemented a risk management solution, you’ll want to monitor its
effectiveness and reassess. Remember, COVID-19 risks facing your business can
change over time.If—after completing a risk assessment and reviewing local
guidance—your organization determines it’s safe to reopen, it’s time to create
your return to work action plan. Creating a Pandemic Response TeamTo ensure that employees receive clear communications and
that your company is on the same page when it comes to your return to work
action plan, it’s essential that you create a pandemic response team. A
pandemic response team is a cross-functional team that recommends and oversees
workplace protocols to control the spread of COVID-19. The scope and design of
your team will vary depending on your specific business, but it should at least
include the following roles:
Team
lead(s)—[Insert name of individual or department&91;
is responsible for the overall action plan. [Insert
name of individual or department&91; is responsible for working with
company stakeholders and relevant health and safety bodies to manage this
action plan.
COVID-19
prevention and protocols lead—[Insert name of
individual or department&91; is responsible for recommending and developing
protocols to ensure the wellness of all employees. They are also tasked with
overseeing procedures for isolating employees should they become sick at work.
Sanitization
and disinfection lead—[Insert name of individual or
department&91; manages logistics related to daily and periodic sanitation
and disinfection efforts. Their responsibilities include ensuring that routine
cleanings are completed and that the necessary cleaning supplies are readily
available.
Communication
lead—[Insert name of individual or department&91;
is tasked with managing any and all pandemic-related communications. They will
work with HR and internal communication stakeholders to ensure COVID-19
training is completed and that employees and their managers understand their
role in preventing the spread of the disease. [Insert
name of individual or department&91; will provide COVID-19 related updates
on a [insert frequency&91; basis and as needed. By breaking up your company’s response efforts, it will be
easier for your organization to be thorough and ensure that no step is missed.
After all, just one misstep can lead to the quick spread of COVID-19,
jeopardizing the well-being of workers. One of the first tasks your pandemic response team should
address is outlining responsibilities for managers and supervisors, as well as
employees.When it comes to ensuring a safe workplace during the
COVID-19 outbreak, both managers and employees have their role to play.
Managers
and supervisors—Leadership, including managers and supervisors, should
familiarize themselves with the details of the action plan. Above all,
leadership must be prepared to answer questions from employees and set a good
example by adhering to the guidance prescribed in the plan. This involves
practicing social distancing and good personal hygiene.
Employees—Employees
play a critical role in Viking Chemicals Inc’s COVID-19 prevention efforts. To
protect everyone in the plant, outline a number of best practices that employees
should follow:
Understand the signs and symptoms of
COVID-19, and stay home if you are feeling sick—Any employee who is
experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., fever, cough, shortness of breath,
sore throat, runny nose, body aches, chills or fatigue) should stay home.
Individuals experiencing such symptoms should also be instructed to consult
guidance from the CDC on seeking medical care.
Practice good hygiene—Employees should
clean their hands often, either with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer or soap
and water. Hand sanitizers should contain at least 60%-95% alcohol, and
employees should wash their hands with soap for at least 20 seconds. In
addition, employees should avoid touching their face and cough into their arm.
Practice social distancing—Social
distancing is the practice of deliberately increasing the physical space
between people to avoid spreading illness.In addition to ensuring that your company’s approach to
reopening following the COVID-19 pandemic is a joint effort, establishing a
pandemic response team will demonstrate to your employees that you’re committed
to their safety and well-being. Preparing for ReopeningBefore you reopen your business, you’ll need to think about
how you can do so safely. Most businesses will not be able to flip a switch and
go from closed to open, but rather will need to reopen in phases. This section
provides an overview of how to prepare for reopening.Modifying the WorkplaceTo prevent the spread of COVID-19 after reopening your
business’s doors, your company may need to make office modifications. These
workplace modifications will most often be based on social distancing
protocols, which may also be required by states or local orders as a condition
of being permitted to reopen. Your business’s social distancing plan will be unique to
your industry and nature of work, but public health experts point to three key
factors to consider when creating a social distancing plan and making necessary
workplace changes:
1.Physical
workspace modifications—Because COVID-19 spreads through close contact,
employers may need to make changes to employees’ desks or workstations, and
overall floor plans. Some suggested changes include the following:
Separating desks and workstations to ensure that
there are 6 feet between each station
Adding partitions to open floor plans
Closing common spaces, including conference
rooms, break rooms and cafeterias
Modifying high-touch surfaces (e.g., propping
doors open) to avoid